A NEW Tongan law has established a statutory framework for integrated ocean governance across more than 700,000 square kilometres of national ocean domain.
Brought to life by an act of parliament, the framework is crucial for the kingdom in which more than 99 per cent of territory comprises ocean.
The Act establishes three bodies to oversee ocean governance. An Ocean Management Commission, appointed by Cabinet, will provide overall oversight, direction and stewardship, with powers to approve policies and plans, grant consents and authorisations, issue orders, coordinate across ministries and take enforcement action.
An Advisory Committee, known as Ocean7, will serve as a cross-sectoral coordination and advisory mechanism, providing participatory, evidence-based guidance, reviewing the National Ocean Policy and Marine Spatial Plans, and promoting public consultation.
A Secretariat, provided by the ministry responsible for the environment, will support the Commission and Advisory Committee, manage data and information, administer the Ocean Management Fund and ensure continuity of implementation.
The Act also introduces key policy and regulatory tools, including a National Ocean Policy, Marine Spatial Planning and the designation of Ocean Management Areas, with zoning for tapu or no-take areas, habitat protection, limited use, sustainable use, unique reserves and general use zones.
Other measures include development consents and permitting, environmental and regulatory impact assessments, monitoring and enforcement powers, dispute resolution processes, and sustainable financing through an Ocean Management Fund supported by levies, fees and charges.
Together, the new institutions and tools are intended to align fisheries, energy, mining, shipping, tourism, communications, research, defence, environmental protection and other emerging sectors under a single framework, while safeguarding cultural ties to the ocean.